Hair Elements

DKK 1199.00

The Hair Elements test measures concentrations of both toxic and essential elements in a strand of hair.

Indications


• Alopecia
• Depression
• Excessive Fish Consumption
• Fatigue
• Hypertension
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance
• Kidney Function
• Malabsorption
• Parkinson's-like Symptoms
• Sexual Impotence or Decreased Testosterone Production
• Toxic Element Exposure
• Vision Problems

Overview


Overview


Hair Elements analysis provides information regarding recent and ongoing exposure to potentially toxic metals, and time-averaged status of specific nutrient elements. This noninvasive screening test requires only 0.25 grams of hair.
 
With respect to its contained elements, hair is essentially an excretory tissue rather than a functional tissue. Hair element analysis provides important information which, in conjunction with symptoms and other laboratory values, can assist the physician with an early diagnosis of physiological disorders associated with aberrations in essential and toxic element metabolism.
 
Toxic elements may be 200 to 300 times more highly concentrated in hair than in blood or urine. Therefore, hair is the tissue of choice for detection of recent exposure to elements such as arsenic, aluminum, cadmium, lead, antimony and mercury. The CDC acknowledges the value of hair mercury levels as a maternal and infant marker for exposure to neurotoxic methylmercury from fish.
 
Through recent vast improvements in technology, instrumentation and application of scientific protocols, hair element analysis has become a valuable tool for providing dependable and useful data for physicians and their patients. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency stated in a recent report that "...if hair samples are properly collected and cleaned, and analyzed by the best analytic methods, using standards and blanks as required, in a clean and reliable laboratory by experienced personnel, the data are reliable." (U.S.E.P.A. 600/4-79-049).
 
Hair, however, is vulnerable to external elemental contamination by means of certain shampoos, bleaches, dyes, and curing or straightening treatments. Therefore, the first step in the interpretation of a hair element report is to rule out sources of external contamination.

Practical


Practical


Specimen Requirements:

Hair strand


Average processing time:

8 ±3 days

Research


Research

 

• Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Jamali MK, et al. Analysis of Heavy Metals in Scalp Hair Samples of Hypertensive Patients by Conventional and Microwave Digestion Methods. Spectroscopy Letters. 2006;39(2):203-214.

• Alabdali A, Al-Ayadhi L, El-Ansary A. A key role for an impaired detoxification mechanism in the etiology and severity of autism spectrum disorders. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2014;10(1):14

• Ashraf, W., Jaffar, M., Mohammed, D., Iqbal, J. Utilization of scalp hair for evaluating epilepsy in male and female groups of the Pakistan population. Sci. Total Environ. 164(1):69-73, 1995.

• Bass DA, Hickock D, Quig D, Urek K.. Trace element analysis in hair: factors determining accuracy, precision, and reliability. Altern Med Rev. Oct;6(5):472-81, 2001.

• Bencze K. Determination of metals in human hair. In: Seiler H G, Sigel A, Sigel H, eds. Handbook on Metals in Clinical and Analytical Chemistry. New York, NY. Dekker, 1994: p. 214

• Blaurock-Busch E., Amin OR, Dessoki HH, Rabah T. Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Hair and Severity of Symptoms among Children with Autism. Maedica (Buchar). 2012 Jan;7(1):38-48.

• Contiero, E., Folin, M. Trace elements nutritional status. Use of hair as a diagnostic tool. Biol. Trace Elements. 40(2):151-60, 1994.

• Druyan M E, Bass D A, Puchyr R et al. Determination of reference ranges for elements in human scalp hair. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 62: 183-197

• Foo, S.C., Khoo, N.Y., Heng, A. et al. Metals in hair as biological indices for exposure. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath (1993) 65(Suppl 1): S83.

• Gellein K, Lierhagen S, Brevik PS, et al. Trace Element Profiles in Single Strands of Human Hair Determined by HR-ICP-MS. Biological Trace Element Research. 2008;123(1-3):250-260.

• Holsbeek, L., Das, H.K. and Joiris, C.R. Mercury in human hair and relation to fish consumption in Bangladesh. Sci. Total Environ. 186(3):181-8, 1996.

• I.D. Capel, M.H. Pinnock, H.M. Dorrell, D.C. Williams and E.C. Grant. Comparison of concentrations of some trace, bulk, and toxic metals in the hair of normal and dyslexic children. Clinical Chemistry. vol. 27 no. 6 879-881, 1981.

• LeClair, J.A. and Quig, D.W. Hair lead and cadmium levels and specific depressive and anxiety-related symptomotology in children. J. Orthomolec. Med. 18(2):97-106, 2003.

• Malm, O., Branches, F.J., Akagi, H., Castro, M.B., Pfeiffer, W.C., Harada, M., Bastos, W.R. and Kata, H. Mercury and methylmercury in fish and human hair from the Tapajos river basin, Brazil. Sci. Total Environ. 175(20):141-50, 1995.

• Maugh T, H 2nd. Hair: a diagnostic tool to complement blood serum and urine. Science 202(22):1271-1273, 1978.

• Minder, B., Das-Smaal, E.A., Brand, E.F., Orlebeke, J.F. Exposure to lead and specific attentional problems in school children. J Learn Disabil, 27(6):393-9, 1994.

• Mohamed FEB, Zaky EA, El-Sayed AB, et al. Assessment of Hair Aluminum, Lead, and Mercury in a Sample of Autistic Egyptian Children: Environmental Risk Factors of Heavy Metals in Autism. Behavioural Neurology. 2015;2015:1-9.

• Olmedo P, Pla A, Hernández A, López-Guarnido O, Rodrigo L, Gil F. Validation of a method to quantify chromium, cadmium, manganese, nickel and lead in human whole blood, urine, saliva and hair samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2010;659(1-2):60-67.

• Pesch A, Wilhelm M, Rostek U, et al. Mercury concentrations in urine, scalp hair and saliva in children from Germany. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 2002;12(4):252-258.

• Puchyr R F, Bass D A, Gajewski R. Preparation of hair for measurement of elements by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 62: 167-182

• Rose, J.: Brain Biochemistry, Neurotoxicity, and Criminal Violence. In: Environmental Toxicology, ed. J. Rose. London and New York, Gordon and Breach Publishers, in press.

• Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Systematic review and meta-analysis links autism and toxic metals and highlights the impact of country development status: Higher blood and erythrocyte levels for mercury and lead, and higher hair antimony, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2017;79:340-368.

• Salonen, J.T., Seppanen, K., Nyssonen, K., Korpela, H., Kauhanen, J., Kantola, M., Tuomilehto, J., Esterbauer, H., Tatzber, F. and Salonen, R. Intake of mercury from fish, lipid peroxidation, and the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary, cardiovascular, and any death in eastern Finnish men. Circulation 91(3):646-55, 1995.

• Skalny AV, Simashkova NV, Klyushnik TP, et al. Analysis of Hair Trace Elements in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Communication Disorders. Biological Trace Element Research. 2016;177(2):215-223.

• Tabatadze, T., Zhorzholiani, L., Kherkheulidze, M., Kandelaki, E., Ivanashvili T. Hair heavy metal and essential trace element concentration in children with autism spectrum disorder. Georgian Med News. 2015 Nov;(248):77-82.

• Watt, F., Landsberg, J., Powell, J.J., Ede, R.J., Thompson, R.P. and Cargnello, J.A. Analysis of copper and lead in hair using the nuclear microscope; results from normal subjects and patients with Wilson’s disease and lead poisoning. Analyst 120(3):789-9, 1995.

• Yassa HA. Autism: A form of lead and mercury toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2014;38(3):1016-1024.
• Yasuda H, Yasuda Y, Tsutsui T. Estimation of autistic children by metallomics analysis. Scientific Reports. 2013;3(1).

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